"... intelligence is the flexible capacity to learn from
experience and to adapt to one’s environment (using the skills required by and
acquired through a specific cultural and social context). ... intelligence can be
developed, whether through formal explicit instruction or in informal
educational situations (depending on the types of abilities considered). ... everyone has some initial abilities, and
these can be honed into expertise. ... these initial abilities
depend in part on genetic heritage, but the manner and degree to which this
genetic endowment is realized depends on the individual’s environment. ... the key to success in the classroom – and in life more broadly –
lies in a combination of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom ...
... there is an urgent need to teach to all abilities, and to match the assessment of
achievement to such broad teaching. The
time has come to capitalize on the variety of human resources because students’
talents do not happen to correspond to the skills that schools traditionally
have emphasized. Creativity and practical abilities are certainly as important
in life as are memory and analytical abilities, and they can be as important in
school if a school chooses to emphasize these abilities.”
Sternberg RJ, Grigorenko E, Jarvin L. “Teaching for Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, and Success.” Corwin Press Inc, 2009.
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